Stoma
A stoma is an artificial surgical opening in the
abdomen of a patient who suffers from the large intestine, small intestine,
rectum, or bladder diseases. The main operation that creates a stoma, called
ostomy surgery. As a result of ostomy, a surgeon opens a hole in the abdomen.
Ostomy and Types of Ostomy
Ostomy is the fabrication of a stoma in the
abdomen. As a result of chronic disease in the ileum, colon, bowel, rectum, or
bladder, doctors change the organic tack of excretion in a person. After the
alteration of the tubes or ducts, they open a small round pit in the belly wall
of the patient, called a stoma, and the surgery is called an ostomy.
There are three primary kinds of ostomies.
1. Colostomy.
2. Urostomy.
3. Ileostomy.
Colostomy
A human's digestive system consists of several
tubes, ducts, and canals. It starts from the esophagus and ends at the colon
(large intestine). The large intestine must discharge solid waste (stool) from
the body. However, when a person suffers from a severe disease in the colon or
large intestine, he is unable to pass the feces through the anus; therefore,
doctors remove the infected section of the colon or bowel, bring the remaining
portion to the outside of the abdomen, for the excretion of stool. This
colostomy.
Urostomy
A few patients suffer from bladder cancer or
kidneys diseases; therefore, there is a problem in the uterus. When there is a
problem in the urine duct, a patient cannot discharge liquid waste through the
natural pathway. Therefore, surgeons remove the defected part of the small
bowel or the entire bladder. After this operation, a patient excretes urine
through the stoma.
Ileostomy
It is the removal of a defected portion of the
ileum or small intestine. Ileum cancer or chronic bowel disease can lead to
ileum ostomy. The stoma appears as a result of ileum removal, called an
ileostomy. It discharges liquid and solid stool depends on the digestive system
and bowel movement habit.
Purpose of Stoma
The purpose of the stoma is to provide and
creating an artificial passage for the discharge of waste of the body, either
solid or liquid. A stoma receives stool or urine from the colon, ileum, and
bowel.
A pouching system needs to collect solid and
liquid waste. You cannot leave the hole open and wait for the oozing of stool
or urine. Thus, an ostomate needs to cover the new organ of the body. Your pit
will need a bag or pouch to hold and collect the discharge material. Moreover,
a stoma bag will protect the opening.
Care for Stoma
The health of stoma is your primary responsibility.
For this purpose, you should know how a normal and healthy opening looks like.
The general and hale appearance of the stoma is round or oval, red or dark
pink, 1/4 to 1/8 in inches. Moreover, there would be any specialty depending on
the type of stoma and overall health and weight of the patient.
A healthy stoma should not bleed, it should not
get dark brown or black. The size should not be more than 2.5 inches. The hale
opening in the men should not burn, itch, or red.
Therefore, to keep the stoma and peristomal
healthy, you should empty your bag three to four times a day. The output should
not come out of the pouch and connect to your skin. You should replace the used
bag with the new one after every two days. You can adopt a changing habit according
to the life of the adhesive and skin barrier. Always use high-quality material
for your pouching system and good products for the stoma.
